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زیست شناسی::
اختصاصی آنتی ژن
QS-21 is a saponin-based adjuvant with low toxicity and the ability to stimulate antigen-specific Th1, CTL, and antibody responses.
ISCOMs form 40-nm cage-like particles, in which the antigen is captured, allowing efficient delivery of the antigen into the cells and promoting antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses [12].
Although they are shown to promote antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in experimental
It is believed that at the injection site, aluminum salts form a depot, which allows gradual release of the antigen to provide long-term exposure of immune cells, which results in enhanced antigen-specific T- and B-cell responses to provide long-term protection.
Alum is capable of enhancing antigen-specific antibody production [19], and alum-containing combination adjuvants, like AS04, have been reported to induce a mixed Th1/Th2 response against protein antigens in humans [20].
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